The Criminal Justice System Of The United States Constitution

The government has the authority to arrest, indict, try, and sentence individuals that have been accused of committing a crime. In an attempt to balance this authority the United States Constitution guarantees a number of inalienable rights to protect its citizens against tyrannical government power. These rights create the framework of the adversarial criminal justice system that relies heavily on the advocacy of each party and a relatively passive and impartial judge acting as a neutral arbiter. The objective of this structure is to encourage the advocates to develop relevant facts, evidence, and legal interpretations that determine guilt or innocence. This is distinct from inquisitorial systems of justice where the court plays an active†¦show more content†¦The PSR is then disclosed to the defendant prior to sentencing to provide the opportunity to contest inaccurate assertions in the report. Once specific objections are raised, the judge is obliged to make a finding as t o the factual dispute. However since the Sentencing Guidelines do not mandate a full evidentiary hearing and the means by which the judge comes to this conclusion is left entirely to his own discretion. Ultimately, the determinations of fact greatly impact the sentencing range the defendant is exposed to. At trial, the resolution of disputed facts is guided by constitutional guarantees of confrontation and rules of evidence that limit inadmissible and irrelevant information. However many of these protections have been removed, abridged, and ignored at sentencing effectively changing the role of the judiciary in an adversarial system. Since the imposition of sentencing guidelines, an equally critical part of the criminal system has become the sentencing phase which has evolved to become a trial in its own right when its purpose is to address and resolve factual inaccuracies in the PSR. Without the same formalities of trail, the disregard of adversarial protections becomes especially troubling when the PSR primarily serves as evidence enhancing sentencing. Therefore, the use of the PSR as an adversarial tool in modern sentencing has eroded the framework of the adversarial system in three

Organic Evolution Essay - 3270 Words

We act like animals, we eat like animals, and we are animals. The many theories of evolution such as Darwins theory of evolution prove to us that we choose to believe that we are not animals when we really are. Evolution is the sequencial process of change over periods of time, which shapes and establishes the formation of modern man. In referring to evolution, the word means various changes. Evolution refers to the fabrication and development of life on earth. Organic evolution is the concept that all living beings evolved from simple organisms and have changed throughout the periods of time to create many and various types of species. Organic evolution is better known as the theory of evolution. There are three main theories of†¦show more content†¦The Darwin theory states that all species evolved from either many or few common ancestors or descendants under circumstances of natural selection. Three chief resources aided Darwin to develop his widespread theory of evolution. One, his personal observations, two, the geological theory of British scientist Sir Charles Lyell, and three, the population theory of the British economist Thomas Robert Malthus. Aboard the H.M.S Beagle from 1831 to 1836, Charles Darwin made many of is observations in his quest to propose his theory of evolution. On the coast of South America, Darwin came under the possession of many specimens of plants and animals. On the Galapagos Islands, off the coast of Ecuador Darwin discovered many differences between species on the islands and with the species on the mainland. For example, Darwin noted that certain fossils of extinct species were closely similar to living species in the same geographical area. Darwin also observed that each island possessed its own form of tortoise, mockingbird, and finch. He also discovered various forms of these species were closely similar but differed in structure and eating habits from island to island. In addition, Darwin discovered varieties of differences between species on one island and another island. With each observation, Darwin come to the question of possible links between distinct but similar species.British economist Thomas Robert Malthus aided DarwinShow MoreRelatedEvolution Of Life On Earth1667 Words   |  7 Pagesthat the earliest fossils were found from up to 3.5 billion years ago. The following steps are believed to be the major stages in the evolution of life on Earth: 1. The formation of organic molecules Complex organic molecules formed in water on the early Earth. 2. The formation of membranes A membrane developed to isolate and protect the system of large complex organic molecules which evolved to include nucleic acids and became capable of self-replication. 3. Procaryotic Cells The first cells wereRead MoreEvolution Through the Influence of God1605 Words   |  7 Pagesand Biblical moralities, the intelligent design theory was established to accommodate believers in the divine Christ and the theory of evolution. This group believes that evolution is occurring, but that God created the start of all life. There are three main notions of the origin of life, evolution, creationism, and intelligent design. The first theory, evolution, explains how life on Earth formed and how organisms adapted through generations. Scientists have studied the theory for years and haveRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagespublished his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, which proposed the theory of evolution. This book, along with others that followed, began the long dispute between evolutionist and creationist. Were we created by a supernatural Supreme Being, or did our creation occur purely by chance? First, lets look at the two conflicting theories. Common usage of the term â€Å"evolution† is that living things in our world have come into existence through unguided naturalistic processesRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution918 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is the most successful theory of it’s kind. Darwin’s idea of Natural Selection has found success not just in the organic world, but also in human society. This is no coincidence. After Darwin’s Beagle voyage, he returned to England during the Industrial Revolution. As a man of wealth, Darwin acted as a first-hand witness to the societal changes occurring around him. The Industrial Revolution, along with the corresponding economic theories played a large role inRead More Evolution vs. Creation Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagescovered in this piece is that of whether or not evolution should be taught in classrooms. Also, if it is to be taught, should it be taught as fact or theory? It is also intended to present enough evidence to disprove evolution altogether and, as a result, make it much less than a the ory, but actually the vain opinions of a man who chose not to accept the truth. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The entire point of this essay is to breakdown the theory of evolution, invalidate its scientific reliability, andRead MoreCharles Darwing and The Theory of Evolution Essay803 Words   |  4 Pagesbiology you first need to understand Evolution. Theodosius Dobzhansky a preeminent scientist once stated, â€Å"Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.† The only scientific explanation for the variety of life on earth is Evolution. It explains the abundance of remarkable similitude qualities in different forms of life, the alterations that occur within populations, and the establishment of new life forms. Teaching and learning about evolution has immense functional, logical andRead MoreThe Progression Of Advanced Technology Single Handedly Alters Humans1378 Words   |  6 Pagesin advancing the swift rate of human evolution. While the furthering of advanced artificial intelligence and its immense depth, is shaping our intelligenc e and molding human consciousness in the present tense. This particular paradigm shift brings many critics and antagonists along with this modification of humanity. Some experts say this shift is going to take  humanity to new heights and pinnacles in the future, others say this digital alteration of organic matter could be ushering in the next seriousRead MoreThe Is A New Day796 Words   |  4 Pagesintensifies information absorption, and supersedes the body’s physical limitations for newfound human freedoms . The technology becomes a contemporary savior, overcoming the human biological constraints and weaknesses imposed on us through natural evolution , a utopian potential where technology facilitates cultural production. For thousands of years society has grappled with the concept of ‘human’ ‘nature’. The instinct to categorize in order to understand, â€Å"this word animal that men have given themselvesRead MoreEssay about The Origin of Life755 Words   |  4 Pagesold and the earth is 4.5 billion years old. Then life began probably as bacteria deep in rock or vents but there are many sub theories about exactly where and how life began. 3) Theistic evolution view This group of theories is based around the idea that there was evolution and the earth is 4.5 billion years old but all of the scientific process involved in creating life were some how influenced or controlled by a divine power. This group of theories could be describedRead MoreEvidence of Evolution in Fossil Records and the Process of Spontaneous Origins of Life728 Words   |  3 PagesThe fossil record can show evidence for evolution, by relative dating, and radioactive dating we can find evidence for evolution. Relative dating is the process of finding out the age of a fossil by comparing it to other fossils/rocks. This process helps us determine how old certain specific fossils are by comparing them to other fossils; comparing older ancestor fossils helps us see the physical evolutionary change as time goes on, index fossils are used to determine the age of the fossil. Radioactive

Music Expressionism Essay Example For Students

Music: Expressionism Essay Prettier from five orchestral pieces is an atonal (no significant key signature) Expressionist piece of music written by Austrian composer Schoenberg (who is associated with the expressionist movement of the early twentieth century and was the founder of the second Viennese school of music). It was composed in 1909, written for a big orchestra, made up of mainly flutes oboes clarinets and bassoons, expressionistic music. Additionally some other brass instruments and percussion play in the piece such as the trumpet, trombone, xylophone, cymbals and bass drum. Prettier can be described as a very intense and restless piece of music with many quick changes in speed, mood and instrumentation. The translation of Prettier into English is a sudden change in fortune, which perfectly describes the nature of this piece. One factor which makes Prettier a clear example of expressionist music is the instrumentation. In this piece the instruments are often played at the extreme of their registers, heightening the dramatic style which sets the stage for this expressionist piece of music by including extreme contrasts in the dynamics, which an be seen in the score of the piece where Schoenberg marks from up to if. Another two factors which portray the genre of this piece are the constantly changing textures and unusual structure; there are many motifs which are changed throughout the piece however there is no concrete main melody. It is made out of complicated melodic fragments which are based on 6 notes from 12 different semitones in a scale, known as hexachord, which are almost in rondo form (abaca.. ) where the same melodic idea returns many times. The a theme, which returns more than twice, are each very different to each other and described as almost unrecognizable. This creates a sensation of unawareness , a feeling of unpredictability and suspense for the listener, we never expect what we will hear next. The idea of using free rondo form is used to bring the same atmosphere, mood and feel of a motif rather than the exact, precise copy of notes. An example of a hexachord in this piece is the recurring hexachord in bar 8 , ( a, b flat, c , c sharp, e , f) laded as a motif and chord by the horns Each different section of the piece varies in length swell as the continuously varying textures and tempos. Schoenberg frequently changes the speed within Prettier. He uses a lot of different note lengths ranging from deem-semiquavers to semibreves. This use of constantly changing tempos, melodies and dynamics heightens the dramatic nature of the piece making it very exciting for the listener! The timbre, pitch and harmonies of this piece are very particular to the style of expressionism. The dissonant harmonies and clashing sounds throughout this piece create discomfort for the listener and are successfully used to convey the desired emotions of the composer, which he was aiming to express through his music. As well as the sudden and extreme changes in dynamics and rhythms in this piece, the textures vary as well. This piece has a contrapuntal texture with moments of polyphonic and homophobic textures too; ranging from a solo flute to the whole orchestra playing which provide possibilities of creating dramatic moments of climax thin the song, once again conveying deep emotions and conflict, fitting perfectly into the expressionistic genre. The melody in Prettier is fragmented and is played by all the instruments at different times throughout the piece, known as agglomerations (tone-color melody). Additionally the melody is very angular and distinct and often uses repeated notes or short motifs, which enhances the uncomfortable feeling for the listener. Schoenberg plays with the timbre of this piece, with quick, sudden changes between families of instruments such as the brass ND woodwinds; which in result varies the sound of the piece making it more unusual and unpredictable. .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 , .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .postImageUrl , .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 , .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:hover , .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:visited , .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:active { border:0!important; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:active , .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Expressionism in Early 20th Century Art EssayPrettier perfectly fits into the category of expressionism through the exiting use of changing dynamics, tempos, harmonies, textures, orchestral devices, melodies and rhythms, making this piece exiting and vibrant to listen to every time. Each time it is played new moments are found that were previously unknown to the listener, bringing something new to its audience each time it is heard, whether it be emotional or categorical, thus evidently fitting into the genre of expressionism.

Invincible free essay sample

Ten minutes into the game, a piercing scream filled the air. It was my scream. I have never felt this type of vulnerability. In front of hundreds of people, I laid in the grass, whimpering. I don’t consider myself a weak person, but that moment broke me. â€Å"Miss, you’re going to be okay, hang in there,† said Meg. I could barely hear my teammates as my screams pierced the air. â€Å"Meg, I can’t move it!† I couldn’t help but yell. Soccer makes me, me. It puts me at ease, makes me excited, and gives me an intense determination I carry into my life outside of soccer. The deltoid ligament, the thickest ligament in your ankle†¦ I tore that? When the doctor told me I couldn’t play soccer for two months, I cried. This would be my last upcoming club season because I was U-18 now. By the time I get back, I won’t be at the same level as my teammates. We will write a custom essay sample on Invincible or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What if I’m not ready for my last State Cup? My next step was physical therapy. Eight weeks. This was something I’ve never done before, including new places, new people, new schedule. Before I knew it, it was my fifth week and I had already achieved my eight week goals. I told my therapist I wasn’t done and that I needed new goals—much harder ones. State Cup came quickly after I finished my physical therapy. I was fully recovered to play and I was ready to help lead my team to victory. I have never been more determined in my life. Soccer brings out my competitive, determined, and hard working characteristics. It was at that moment when I stepped onto the field at State Cup, that I knew if I put my whole self into something, I am invincible.

The circumstances of globalization Essay Example

The circumstances of globalization Essay Introduction Under the fortunes of globalisation, the demand for high-quality and high- velocity interlingual renditions has been increasing worldwide. Satisfying these demands may ensue of the increasing of clip and cost for transcribers and interlingual rendition companies. Thus how heighten the quality and productiveness with low cost is one of the jobs. In order to accomplish the clip and cost economy, the computing machine assisted interlingual rendition ( CAT ) tools is playing an of import function in interlingual rendition industry. The CAT tools enabling to cover the whole interlingual rendition procedure at a clip has been created and commercialized by the linguistic communication industry in recent decennaries ( Austermuhl, 2001 ) . Amongst interlingual rendition tools, interlingual rendition memory ( TM ) systems are considered as the effectual tools due to increasing interlingual rendition productiveness by offering old interlingual rendition automatically ( Austermuhl, 2001 ) . Howe ver, there are assorted TM systems worldwide and which is the most effectual may change depends on single demands such as linguistic communication system or text types. This essay will try to measure two TM systems, SDL Trados Studio and Wordfast authoritative, by comparing each characteristic of operational maps. To compare and measure two TM systems, the construct of TM systems, characteristics of several TM systems foremost will be explained as background cognition of the treatment in this essay. We will write a custom essay sample on The circumstances of globalization specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The circumstances of globalization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The circumstances of globalization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The lineation of TM systems Translation memory is a database of multilingual texts which allow to storage both the beginning and mark text sections in analogue and retrieved conformity with the set standards ( Austermuhl 2001 cites Expert Advisory Group on Language Engineering Standards, EAGLES ) . Namely, the mark text is foremost divided into section units and stored in TM through interlingual rendition procedure. These stored sections are available to be reused for the new interlingual rendition undertaking. If the sections stored in TM are absolutely matched or similar to the new beginning text, TM offers the old interlingual renditions automatically to a transcriber. The transcriber can make up ones mind whether these offered interlingual renditions should be accepted or non. Besides it is possible to revise the old interlingual renditions in TM through and after interlingual rendition. Esselink ( 2000 ) points out some disadvantage of TM as follows: The Final layout of translated text is non displayed until completing the interlingual rendition. In this instance, proofreading after the interlingual rendition is required. Some jobs may happen in TM direction, particularly in the instance of multilingual undertaking. Revising TM after re-converted into the original manner is non available, viz. , in order to update TM, the translated file is required to be converted into TM s acceptable format once more. Time devouring due to the demand of change overing the beginning text into the appropriate format for interlingual rendition. TM filter is non updated when the beginning text is a new file format. As a consequence, some agreement is required in order to be accepted. Changing the construction of the text is non available within paragraph. It is necessary to make the file filter depend on the file format if it is different from the default. Sing above references, he ( 2000 ) suggests that the stuff text should be examined before interlingual rendition, and transcribers should make up ones mind whether to utilize TM, because in some instances, interpreting without TM is more effectual than utilizing TM system. Meanwhile, TM has recognized as effectual and time-saving engineering for monolithic interlingual renditions, particularly proficient or manual text which include some insistent usage of proficient nomenclature ( Mitkov 2007 ) . This is largely due to the effectivity against cut downing duplicative work and to heighten the uniformity of footings. For illustration, in the instance of the uninterrupted interlingual rendition undertaking of the specific field, the TM is offered to the transcriber and the proficient footings will be transferred from TM exactly to the new beginning text. By this agencies, TM allows transcribers to portion the alone nomenclature used in the specific field and contributes to keep the interlingual rendition quality. The specific characteristics of Wordfast Classic TM operational maps Wordfast Classic is defined as a CAT tool designed as a Microsoft Wordâ„ ¢ add-on. Its lightweight, flexible construction makes it easy to put in and utilize ( Wordfast 2010 ) . This CAT tool comprises some utile operational maps, such as nomenclature direction, importing exporting glossary and TM, papers transition, analysis and alliance ( Wordfast 2010 ) . Amongst the operational maps, some good characteristics of Wordfast Classic will be explained here. ITI Bulletin ( 2006 ) points out that Wordfast Classic is simple to utilize, which can non merely use to Word but besides to Power Point, Access and Excel files by linking straight with Word application interface. It is besides compatible with other machine interlingual rendition plans such as PowerTranslatorâ„ ¢ and other CAT tools such as Trados, by change overing TM into another format which is appropriate for several plan and exporting it ( ITI Bulletin 2006 ) . Importing other TM to Wordfast is besides available ( ITI Bulletin 2006 ) . In add-on, alignment map allows redacting the interlingual rendition stored in TM after interlingual rendition. Since this CAT tool is available of free download to have computing machine with some restrictions, those who are sing to utilize this tool can seek and analyze how utile or non for them before paid enrollment ( ITI Bulletin 2006 ) . If download PlusToolsâ„ ¢ and circuit board to the beginning papers, Wordfast Classic is available for a assortment of file format from HTML/ XLM to other labeled files ( Miller 2002 ) . However, there are some of import reminders for utilizing Wordfast Classic. One of them is that it is necessary to make clean-up TM after interlingual rendition for updating the TM database ( Miller 2002 ) . Since database is stored as txt. format, revising the translated text is possible without Wordfast ( Miller 2002 ) . Thus transcribers tend to bury to update TM and glossary. As a consequence, the truth of TM will be lost and TM can non use to other new interlingual rendition undertaking. The specific characteristics of Trados TM operational maps Trados TM which consisting the beginning and mark sections, is created in the Translation Memories position ( Trados 2010 ) . Respective section brace of the beginning and mark is called a interlingual rendition unit and it is possible to add some information for each interlingual rendition unit such as when it was created and updated, and who created it ( Trados 2010 ) . Thus it might be utile to pull off the interlingual rendition history. The interlingual rendition unit is displayed in analogue, which is contributing to comparing of the beginning and mark section when redaction. There are three types of fiting map: fuzzy, context and 100 % lucifer ( Trados 2010 ) . Although the default of Fuzzy fiting rate is set at 70 % or over, this rate is able to be changed ( Trados 2010 ) . Context lucifer is applied when the beginning text and TM section lucifer absolutely and have the same context ( Trados 2010 ) . 100 % lucifer means the beginning text section lucifer precisely with the TM section ( Trados 2010 ) . In footings of the cleavage, Trados can custom-make the cleavage regulations depend on several linguistic communications ; Chinese, French, English, German, Spanish and Japanese, which are supported by Trados ( Trados 2010 ) . Therefore, there is non required to set the cleavage each clip. As mentioned above, fuzzed lucifer is applied when the matching rate is 70 % or over ( Trados 2010 ) . This indicates that if the fiting rate between the beginning and the TM section is less than 70 % , TM will non return any interlingual rendition ( Trados 2010 ) . Therefore, if preferring more or less than 70 % duplicate customise of the fuzzed matching rate should be required. Comparison of characteristic between Wordfast and Trados TM With the avobe description as background, the characteristic of Wordfast and Trados TM will be compared and assessed. First of all, in footings of utilizing TM in othe tranlation tools, both Wordfast and Trados can import/ export TM database by change overing the file type into the acceptable format for several TM. For illustration, Wordfast TM is stored in txt. format, while Trados TM is stored in sdltm. format. If change overing Trados TM to Wardfast, it is necessary to export to a tmx.file. Then open it with MS Word and unfastened Wordfast, so choose it as TM. Likewise, Wordfast besides can export its TM by change overing TM into tmx.format, unfastened Trados, making new empty TM and import the txt.file. Second, although making or opening Wordfast TM is about every bit simple as that of Trados, Trados TM is enriched with assorted optional maps, such as Enable character-based harmony hunt and fuzzed lucifer threshold, compared with Wordfast. However, when compareing the beginning section with mark section for translaiton, Wordfast seems to be more utile than Trados. In wordfast, the section is highlighted with grey colour and it is non allowed to leap sentences till snap the icon which represent to confirmation each clip. By contrast, Trados does non hold any specific maps which privent from traveling to the following section. As a consequence, jumping section sometimes occur in Trados. Since by and large interlingual rendition undertaking have a inclination to demand for high-velocity and quality, transcribers are frequently forced to work long hours a twenty-four hours. This will ensue in a higher rate of interlingual rendition escape. Finally, while Wordfast can non let a user to corroborate the translated text layout during interlingual rendition, Trados can expose the finished interlingual rendition within the edditing window. Therefore, the TM user can available to corroborate the translated text layout even during interlingual rendition. This show map of Trados might be effectual to clip economy, because the mistranslations or text layout and presentation can be recognized easy and interpreting and modifying can be available at the same time in the redaction window. Decision Although Wordfast and Trados portion certain simiralities in those operational maps such as the handiness of importing/ exporting TM, some virtue and demerit of several TM were besides recognized. It is hard to urge which is more first-class CAT tool, bacause the detarmination of virtue and demerit is affected by the state of affairs. In the instance of the monolithic interlingual rendition squad undertaking, Trados may be more effectual than Wordfast due to a assortment of optional map. On the contrary, if interpreting comparatively simple and short text, Wordfast may be convenience due to its simpleness of plan constellation procedure. Therfore, it might be important to analyze which CAT tool is suited for the interlingual rendition text or undertaking.

Hydrogen Facts - H or Atomic Number 1

Hydrogen Facts - H or Atomic Number 1 Hydrogen is the chemical element with the element symbol H and atomic number 1. Its essential for all life and abundant in the universe, so its one element you should get to know better. Here are basic facts about the first element in the periodic table, hydrogen. Fast Facts: Hydrogen Element Name: HydrogenElement Symbol: HAtomic Number: 1Group: Group 1Classification: NonmetalBlock: s-blockElectron Configuration: 1s1Phase at STP: GasMelting Point: 13.99 K ​(−259.16  °C, ​−434.49  °F)Boiling Point: 20.271 K ​(−252.879  °C, ​−423.182  °F)Density at STP: 0.08988  g/LOxidation States: -1, 1Electronegativity (Pauling Scale): 2.20Crystal Structure: HexagonalMagnetic Ordering: DiamagneticDiscovery: Henry Cavendish (1766)Named By: Antoine Lavoisier (1783) Atomic Number: 1 Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table, meaning it has an atomic number of 1 or 1 proton in each hydrogen atom. The name of the element comes from the Greek words  hydro  for water and  genes  for forming, since hydrogen bonds with oxygen to form water (H2O). Robert Boyle produced hydrogen gas in 1671 during an experiment with iron and acid, but hydrogen wasnt recognized as an element until 1766 by Henry Cavendish. Atomic Weight: 1.00794 This makes hydrogen the lightest element. It is so light, the pure element isnt bound by Earths gravity. So, there is very little hydrogen gas left in the atmosphere. Massive planets, such as Jupiter, consist mainly of hydrogen, much like the Sun and stars. Even though hydrogen, as a pure element, bonds to itself to form H2, its still lighter than a single atom of helium because most hydrogen atoms dont have any neutrons. In fact, two hydrogen atoms (1.008 atomic mass units per atom) are less than half the mass of one helium atom (atomic mass 4.003). Hydrogen Facts Hydrogen is the most abundant element. About 90% of the atoms and 75% of the element mass of the universe is hydrogen, usually in the atomic state or as plasma. Although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the human body in terms of numbers of atoms of the element, its only 3rd in abundance by mass, after oxygen and carbon, because hydrogen is so light. Hydrogen exists as a pure element on Earth as a diatomic gas, H2, but its rare in Earths atmosphere because it is light enough to escape gravity and bleed into space. The element remains common at the Earths surface, where it is bound into water and hydrocarbons to be the third most abundant element.There are three natural isotopes of hydrogen: protium, deuterium, and tritium. The most common isotope of hydrogen is protium, which has 1 proton, 0 neutrons, and 1 electron. This makes hydrogen the only element that can have atoms without any neutrons! Deuterium has 1 proton, 1 neutron, and 1 electron. Although this isotope is heavie r than protium, deuterium is not radioactive. However, tritium does emit radiation. Tritium is the isotope with 1 proton, 2 neutrons, and 1 electron. Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable. It is used as a fuel by the space shuttle main engine and was associated with the famous explosion of the Hindenburg airship. While many people consider oxygen to be flammable, it actually doesnt burn. However, its an oxidizer, which is why hydrogen is so explosive in air or with oxygen.Hydrogen compounds commonly are called hydrides.Hydrogen may be produced by reacting metals with acids (e.g., zinc with hydrochloric acid).The physical form of hydrogen at room temperature and pressure is a colorless and odorless gas. The gas and liquid are nonmetals, but when hydrogen is compressed into a solid, the element is an alkali metal. Solid crystalline metallic hydrogen has the lowest density of any crystalline solid.Hydrogen has many uses, though most hydrogen is used for processing fossil fuels and in the production of ammonia. It is gaining importance as an alternate fuel that produces energy by combustion, similar to what happens in fossil fuel engine s. Hydrogen is also used in fuel cells that react hydrogen and oxygen to produce water and electricity. In compounds, hydrogen can take a negative charge (H-) or a positive charge (H).Hydrogen is the only atom  for which the Schrà ¶dinger equation has an exact solution. Sources Emsley, John (2001). Natures Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.Hydrogen. Van Nostrands Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.Stwertka, Albert (1996). A Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–21. ISBN 978-0-19-508083-4.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. p. 240. ISBN 978-0123526519.

Divisions between the British tabloid and the serious, quality Press Essay

Divisions between the British tabloid and the serious, quality Press - Essay Example In as much as these media publications have different names and are no longer in circulation; they have something in common which lacks in the current media newspapers that we have today. The old publications represented the partisan ‘radical press’ that agitated for the betterment and improvement of the society (Stephens 2006, p. 23). They influenced the beliefs and the attitudes of the working class. This is because it defined the society to be made up systems of exploitations and not as a series of disjointed events. Additionally, the radical press played a significant role in undermining the social order normative support through challenging the validity of the economic and social institutions in which the social order was based (Seymour-Ure 1991, p. 150). The radical press obtained funding from subsidies from social movements and sales it made from the circulations of the publications. This is contrary to the independent press of the recent times which obtains its f unding from advertising revenues and sales of publications. Introduction Several debates revolving around the current state of British newspapers are being conducted. However, recent findings reveal that the traditional news values that dominated the media have become revolutionized and reformed (Negrine 1994, p. 87). In the recent times, the dominance of social and celebrity news, the blurring of the line separating reality shows and news, as well as the advent of civilian journalism, demonstrates that the nature of news and news values are changing; and that the traditional values of news are becoming irrelevant. It is worth noting that the old traditional news values are being replaced by the tabloid news values. These values represent the interpretive work of journalists, and they cut across the broad sectors of public life. For instance, this news revolves around crime, sports, scandals, pop culture, just to mention but a few (Hampton 2008, p. 98). On the other hand, pertinent issues such as public affairs and politics are given minimal attention. The tabloid news stories are normally personified in order to impart high emotions and sensation (Franklin 2008, p. 23). According to media historians, tabloid news values are present in the English newspapers in the recent times because of two factors, namely; media ownership and advertisements. This is because they contribute to the existent of hierarchies in the journalism profession. It is debated that there is no narrowing in the divide that exists between broadsheets and tabloid newspapers (Keeble 2008, p. 45). This is attributed to the fact that there are several changes in their features. Therefore, this paper shall seek to explicate as to whether tabloids are similar to broadsheets, as well as determine if the ‘quality press’ is concentrating primarily on issues that touch on public interests. In order to make my arguments clear, I will use examples to emphasize on my main points. Discussio n Studies reveal that broadsheets newspapers undergone a tabloidization process. Tabloidization refers to the style of papers that does not pay much attention to foreign affairs and government policies. Instead, it as an entertainment-oriented style of journalism that centers on celebrity, lifestyle, crime/ scandal and entertainment (Sparks & Dahlgren 1992, p. 123). Some of the reasons of tabloidization are