The Criminal Justice System Of The United States Constitution

The government has the authority to arrest, indict, try, and sentence individuals that have been accused of committing a crime. In an attempt to balance this authority the United States Constitution guarantees a number of inalienable rights to protect its citizens against tyrannical government power. These rights create the framework of the adversarial criminal justice system that relies heavily on the advocacy of each party and a relatively passive and impartial judge acting as a neutral arbiter. The objective of this structure is to encourage the advocates to develop relevant facts, evidence, and legal interpretations that determine guilt or innocence. This is distinct from inquisitorial systems of justice where the court plays an active†¦show more content†¦The PSR is then disclosed to the defendant prior to sentencing to provide the opportunity to contest inaccurate assertions in the report. Once specific objections are raised, the judge is obliged to make a finding as t o the factual dispute. However since the Sentencing Guidelines do not mandate a full evidentiary hearing and the means by which the judge comes to this conclusion is left entirely to his own discretion. Ultimately, the determinations of fact greatly impact the sentencing range the defendant is exposed to. At trial, the resolution of disputed facts is guided by constitutional guarantees of confrontation and rules of evidence that limit inadmissible and irrelevant information. However many of these protections have been removed, abridged, and ignored at sentencing effectively changing the role of the judiciary in an adversarial system. Since the imposition of sentencing guidelines, an equally critical part of the criminal system has become the sentencing phase which has evolved to become a trial in its own right when its purpose is to address and resolve factual inaccuracies in the PSR. Without the same formalities of trail, the disregard of adversarial protections becomes especially troubling when the PSR primarily serves as evidence enhancing sentencing. Therefore, the use of the PSR as an adversarial tool in modern sentencing has eroded the framework of the adversarial system in three

Organic Evolution Essay - 3270 Words

We act like animals, we eat like animals, and we are animals. The many theories of evolution such as Darwins theory of evolution prove to us that we choose to believe that we are not animals when we really are. Evolution is the sequencial process of change over periods of time, which shapes and establishes the formation of modern man. In referring to evolution, the word means various changes. Evolution refers to the fabrication and development of life on earth. Organic evolution is the concept that all living beings evolved from simple organisms and have changed throughout the periods of time to create many and various types of species. Organic evolution is better known as the theory of evolution. There are three main theories of†¦show more content†¦The Darwin theory states that all species evolved from either many or few common ancestors or descendants under circumstances of natural selection. Three chief resources aided Darwin to develop his widespread theory of evolution. One, his personal observations, two, the geological theory of British scientist Sir Charles Lyell, and three, the population theory of the British economist Thomas Robert Malthus. Aboard the H.M.S Beagle from 1831 to 1836, Charles Darwin made many of is observations in his quest to propose his theory of evolution. On the coast of South America, Darwin came under the possession of many specimens of plants and animals. On the Galapagos Islands, off the coast of Ecuador Darwin discovered many differences between species on the islands and with the species on the mainland. For example, Darwin noted that certain fossils of extinct species were closely similar to living species in the same geographical area. Darwin also observed that each island possessed its own form of tortoise, mockingbird, and finch. He also discovered various forms of these species were closely similar but differed in structure and eating habits from island to island. In addition, Darwin discovered varieties of differences between species on one island and another island. With each observation, Darwin come to the question of possible links between distinct but similar species.British economist Thomas Robert Malthus aided DarwinShow MoreRelatedEvolution Of Life On Earth1667 Words   |  7 Pagesthat the earliest fossils were found from up to 3.5 billion years ago. The following steps are believed to be the major stages in the evolution of life on Earth: 1. The formation of organic molecules Complex organic molecules formed in water on the early Earth. 2. The formation of membranes A membrane developed to isolate and protect the system of large complex organic molecules which evolved to include nucleic acids and became capable of self-replication. 3. Procaryotic Cells The first cells wereRead MoreEvolution Through the Influence of God1605 Words   |  7 Pagesand Biblical moralities, the intelligent design theory was established to accommodate believers in the divine Christ and the theory of evolution. This group believes that evolution is occurring, but that God created the start of all life. There are three main notions of the origin of life, evolution, creationism, and intelligent design. The first theory, evolution, explains how life on Earth formed and how organisms adapted through generations. Scientists have studied the theory for years and haveRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagespublished his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, which proposed the theory of evolution. This book, along with others that followed, began the long dispute between evolutionist and creationist. Were we created by a supernatural Supreme Being, or did our creation occur purely by chance? First, lets look at the two conflicting theories. Common usage of the term â€Å"evolution† is that living things in our world have come into existence through unguided naturalistic processesRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution918 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is the most successful theory of it’s kind. Darwin’s idea of Natural Selection has found success not just in the organic world, but also in human society. This is no coincidence. After Darwin’s Beagle voyage, he returned to England during the Industrial Revolution. As a man of wealth, Darwin acted as a first-hand witness to the societal changes occurring around him. The Industrial Revolution, along with the corresponding economic theories played a large role inRead More Evolution vs. Creation Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagescovered in this piece is that of whether or not evolution should be taught in classrooms. Also, if it is to be taught, should it be taught as fact or theory? It is also intended to present enough evidence to disprove evolution altogether and, as a result, make it much less than a the ory, but actually the vain opinions of a man who chose not to accept the truth. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The entire point of this essay is to breakdown the theory of evolution, invalidate its scientific reliability, andRead MoreCharles Darwing and The Theory of Evolution Essay803 Words   |  4 Pagesbiology you first need to understand Evolution. Theodosius Dobzhansky a preeminent scientist once stated, â€Å"Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.† The only scientific explanation for the variety of life on earth is Evolution. It explains the abundance of remarkable similitude qualities in different forms of life, the alterations that occur within populations, and the establishment of new life forms. Teaching and learning about evolution has immense functional, logical andRead MoreThe Progression Of Advanced Technology Single Handedly Alters Humans1378 Words   |  6 Pagesin advancing the swift rate of human evolution. While the furthering of advanced artificial intelligence and its immense depth, is shaping our intelligenc e and molding human consciousness in the present tense. This particular paradigm shift brings many critics and antagonists along with this modification of humanity. Some experts say this shift is going to take  humanity to new heights and pinnacles in the future, others say this digital alteration of organic matter could be ushering in the next seriousRead MoreThe Is A New Day796 Words   |  4 Pagesintensifies information absorption, and supersedes the body’s physical limitations for newfound human freedoms . The technology becomes a contemporary savior, overcoming the human biological constraints and weaknesses imposed on us through natural evolution , a utopian potential where technology facilitates cultural production. For thousands of years society has grappled with the concept of ‘human’ ‘nature’. The instinct to categorize in order to understand, â€Å"this word animal that men have given themselvesRead MoreEssay about The Origin of Life755 Words   |  4 Pagesold and the earth is 4.5 billion years old. Then life began probably as bacteria deep in rock or vents but there are many sub theories about exactly where and how life began. 3) Theistic evolution view This group of theories is based around the idea that there was evolution and the earth is 4.5 billion years old but all of the scientific process involved in creating life were some how influenced or controlled by a divine power. This group of theories could be describedRead MoreEvidence of Evolution in Fossil Records and the Process of Spontaneous Origins of Life728 Words   |  3 PagesThe fossil record can show evidence for evolution, by relative dating, and radioactive dating we can find evidence for evolution. Relative dating is the process of finding out the age of a fossil by comparing it to other fossils/rocks. This process helps us determine how old certain specific fossils are by comparing them to other fossils; comparing older ancestor fossils helps us see the physical evolutionary change as time goes on, index fossils are used to determine the age of the fossil. Radioactive

Music Expressionism Essay Example For Students

Music: Expressionism Essay Prettier from five orchestral pieces is an atonal (no significant key signature) Expressionist piece of music written by Austrian composer Schoenberg (who is associated with the expressionist movement of the early twentieth century and was the founder of the second Viennese school of music). It was composed in 1909, written for a big orchestra, made up of mainly flutes oboes clarinets and bassoons, expressionistic music. Additionally some other brass instruments and percussion play in the piece such as the trumpet, trombone, xylophone, cymbals and bass drum. Prettier can be described as a very intense and restless piece of music with many quick changes in speed, mood and instrumentation. The translation of Prettier into English is a sudden change in fortune, which perfectly describes the nature of this piece. One factor which makes Prettier a clear example of expressionist music is the instrumentation. In this piece the instruments are often played at the extreme of their registers, heightening the dramatic style which sets the stage for this expressionist piece of music by including extreme contrasts in the dynamics, which an be seen in the score of the piece where Schoenberg marks from up to if. Another two factors which portray the genre of this piece are the constantly changing textures and unusual structure; there are many motifs which are changed throughout the piece however there is no concrete main melody. It is made out of complicated melodic fragments which are based on 6 notes from 12 different semitones in a scale, known as hexachord, which are almost in rondo form (abaca.. ) where the same melodic idea returns many times. The a theme, which returns more than twice, are each very different to each other and described as almost unrecognizable. This creates a sensation of unawareness , a feeling of unpredictability and suspense for the listener, we never expect what we will hear next. The idea of using free rondo form is used to bring the same atmosphere, mood and feel of a motif rather than the exact, precise copy of notes. An example of a hexachord in this piece is the recurring hexachord in bar 8 , ( a, b flat, c , c sharp, e , f) laded as a motif and chord by the horns Each different section of the piece varies in length swell as the continuously varying textures and tempos. Schoenberg frequently changes the speed within Prettier. He uses a lot of different note lengths ranging from deem-semiquavers to semibreves. This use of constantly changing tempos, melodies and dynamics heightens the dramatic nature of the piece making it very exciting for the listener! The timbre, pitch and harmonies of this piece are very particular to the style of expressionism. The dissonant harmonies and clashing sounds throughout this piece create discomfort for the listener and are successfully used to convey the desired emotions of the composer, which he was aiming to express through his music. As well as the sudden and extreme changes in dynamics and rhythms in this piece, the textures vary as well. This piece has a contrapuntal texture with moments of polyphonic and homophobic textures too; ranging from a solo flute to the whole orchestra playing which provide possibilities of creating dramatic moments of climax thin the song, once again conveying deep emotions and conflict, fitting perfectly into the expressionistic genre. The melody in Prettier is fragmented and is played by all the instruments at different times throughout the piece, known as agglomerations (tone-color melody). Additionally the melody is very angular and distinct and often uses repeated notes or short motifs, which enhances the uncomfortable feeling for the listener. Schoenberg plays with the timbre of this piece, with quick, sudden changes between families of instruments such as the brass ND woodwinds; which in result varies the sound of the piece making it more unusual and unpredictable. .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 , .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .postImageUrl , .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 , .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:hover , .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:visited , .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:active { border:0!important; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:active , .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93 .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc820353d01a1e4359568df6d6f06bb93:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Expressionism in Early 20th Century Art EssayPrettier perfectly fits into the category of expressionism through the exiting use of changing dynamics, tempos, harmonies, textures, orchestral devices, melodies and rhythms, making this piece exiting and vibrant to listen to every time. Each time it is played new moments are found that were previously unknown to the listener, bringing something new to its audience each time it is heard, whether it be emotional or categorical, thus evidently fitting into the genre of expressionism.

Invincible free essay sample

Ten minutes into the game, a piercing scream filled the air. It was my scream. I have never felt this type of vulnerability. In front of hundreds of people, I laid in the grass, whimpering. I don’t consider myself a weak person, but that moment broke me. â€Å"Miss, you’re going to be okay, hang in there,† said Meg. I could barely hear my teammates as my screams pierced the air. â€Å"Meg, I can’t move it!† I couldn’t help but yell. Soccer makes me, me. It puts me at ease, makes me excited, and gives me an intense determination I carry into my life outside of soccer. The deltoid ligament, the thickest ligament in your ankle†¦ I tore that? When the doctor told me I couldn’t play soccer for two months, I cried. This would be my last upcoming club season because I was U-18 now. By the time I get back, I won’t be at the same level as my teammates. We will write a custom essay sample on Invincible or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What if I’m not ready for my last State Cup? My next step was physical therapy. Eight weeks. This was something I’ve never done before, including new places, new people, new schedule. Before I knew it, it was my fifth week and I had already achieved my eight week goals. I told my therapist I wasn’t done and that I needed new goals—much harder ones. State Cup came quickly after I finished my physical therapy. I was fully recovered to play and I was ready to help lead my team to victory. I have never been more determined in my life. Soccer brings out my competitive, determined, and hard working characteristics. It was at that moment when I stepped onto the field at State Cup, that I knew if I put my whole self into something, I am invincible.